Kneeboard · 93 Cards

Airspace

Airspace Classes

AIM § 3-2

A through G: who controls you, what you need, and how you talk.

Airspace

Special Use Airspace

AIM § 3-4

Prohibited, restricted, warning, MOA, alert, and CFAs.

Airspace

TFRs and ADIZ

AIM § 3-5 / 5-6

Temporary flight restrictions and the air defense identification zone.

Airspace

VFR Weather Minimums

FAR 91.155

Cloud clearance and visibility by class of airspace.

Weather

METAR Decode

AIM § 7-1-31

Routine hourly observation — wind, vis, sky, T/Td, altimeter.

Weather

TAF Windows

AIM § 7-1-31

Terminal forecast, usually 24 or 30 hours for a 5 SM radius.

Weather

Weather Briefings

AIM § 7-1-4

Standard, abbreviated, outlook, and in-flight.

Weather

AIRMET vs SIGMET

AIM § 7-1-24

Who is threatened and for how long.

Weather

Fog Types

PHAK Ch. 12

Radiation, advection, upslope, steam, and ice fog.

Weather

Fronts

PHAK Ch. 12

Cold, warm, stationary, occluded — and what they do to you.

Weather

Thunderstorm Anatomy

AIM § 7-1-28

Cumulus, mature, dissipating — stay out of all three.

Weather

Icing

AIM § 7-1-22

Structural ice needs visible moisture and a freezing airframe.

Weather

Wind Shear and LLWS

AIM § 7-1-26

A sudden change in wind speed or direction.

Weather

Density Altitude

PHAK Ch. 11

Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature.

Weather

PIREPs

AIM § 7-1-20

Pilot reports are how the system sees between stations.

Weather

Ceiling and Visibility

AIM Pilot/Controller Glossary

Ceiling is the lowest broken or overcast layer.

VFR

VFR Cruising Altitudes

FAR 91.159

Magnetic course, not heading, east-odd / west-even plus 500.

VFR

See and Avoid

FAR 91.113

Weather permitting, everyone looks — IFR included.

VFR

Right-of-Way

FAR 91.113

Distress first, then balloon, glider, airship, towing, airplane.

VFR

Fuel Reserves VFR

FAR 91.151

Day 30 minutes, night 45 minutes at normal cruise.

IFR

IFR Fuel

FAR 91.167

Destination + approach + then the alternate (if required) + 45 minutes.

IFR

Clearance Items

AIM § 5-2-1

CRAFT: clearance limit, route, altitude, frequency, transponder.

IFR

Holds

AIM § 5-3-8

Standard is right turns, inbound course, 1 min below 14,000.

IFR

Approach Types

AIM § 5-4

Precision (ILS/GLS) vs APV (LPV/LNAV-VNAV) vs nonprecision.

IFR

Missed Approach

AIM § 5-4-21

At DA/MAP if you do not have the required visual references.

IFR

Lost Comms IFR

FAR 91.185

MEA: route assigned, vectored, expected, filed. Altitude: highest of assigned/MEA/expected.

IFR

IFR Cruising Altitudes

FAR 91.179

Magnetic course: odd east, even west in uncontrolled. Assigned in controlled.

IFR

Required Reports

AIM § 5-3-3

When to talk without being asked.

IFR

ILS Components

AIM § 1-1-9

Localizer, glideslope, marker/DME/RNAV substitutes, approach lights.

IFR

RNAV Minima

AIM § 1-1-18 / 5-4-5

LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, LPV, LP — know which you are actually flying.

IFR

Departures (ODP/SID)

AIM § 5-2-8

Obstacle Departure Procedures vs SIDs.

Airport

Traffic Pattern

AIM § 4-3-3

Standard is left. Downwind, base, final — unless published otherwise.

Airport

Light Gun Signals

AIM § 4-3-13

When the radio dies in the pattern.

Airport

LAHSO

AIM § 4-3-11

Land and hold short — you may refuse.

Airport

Runway Incursion Avoidance

AIM § 4-1 / 4-3

Hold short means the whole airplane, including the tail.

Airport

Airport Signs and Markings

AIM § 2-3

Red is runway. Yellow is taxi. Black is location.

Airport

Wake Turbulence

AIM § 7-3

Rotate before the large’s rotation point; land after its touchdown.

Airport

Airport Lighting

AIM § 2-1

REIL, PAPI/VASI, ALSF, MALSR, taxiway edge/centerline.

Comms

Radio Technique

AIM § 4-2

Who you are calling, who you are, where you are, what you want.

Comms

Non-Towered CTAF

AIM § 4-1-9

Same frequency for advisory, position, and intentions.

Comms

Flight Following

AIM § 4-1-15

VFR radar advisory service — workload permitting.

Comms

Lost Comms VFR

AIM § 6-4 / 4-2-13

Squawk 7600. Light gun in the pattern. Land somewhere else if needed.

Comms

Emergency Phraseology

AIM § 6-3

Mayday = distress. Pan-pan = urgency.

Emergency

Engine Failure Flow

AFH Ch. 18

ABC: airspeed, best field, checklist.

Emergency

Fire Checklists

POH / AFH

Electrical, engine, cabin — three different problems.

Emergency

Transponder Codes

AIM § 6-2 / 4-1-20

7700 emergency, 7600 comm failure, 7500 unlawful interference.

Emergency

Lost Procedures

PHAK / AIM

Climb, communicate, confess, comply, conserve.

Emergency

ELT and Survival

FAR 91.207 / AIM § 6-2-4

How people find you after the airplane stops.

Regs

Certificates and Medicals

FAR 61.3 / 61.23

Pilot certificate, medical or BasicMed, and photo ID.

Regs

Passenger Currency

FAR 61.57

Three takeoffs and landings in category and class in 90 days.

Regs

Flight Review

FAR 61.56

Every 24 calendar months: 1 hour ground + 1 hour flight.

Regs

Alcohol and Drugs

FAR 91.17 / 91.19

8 hours, 0.04% BAC, and not under the influence.

Regs

Preflight Action

FAR 91.103

NWKRAFT: NOTAMs, weather, known ATC delays, runway lengths, alternates, fuel, takeoff/landing data.

Regs

Minimum Safe Altitudes

FAR 91.119

Congested: 1,000 above the highest obstacle in 2,000 ft. Other: 500 AGL.

Regs

Speed Limits

FAR 91.117

250 KIAS below 10,000. 200 under the shelf of B / in VFR corridor.

Regs

Formation and Right Seat

FAR 91.111 / 91.3

No formation without arrangement. PIC is always PIC.

Regs

Equipment Day/Night VFR

FAR 91.205

ATOMATOFLAMES day. FLAPS at night.

Regs

ELTs and Inspections

FAR 91.207 / 91.409

ELT inspect every 12 calendar months. 121.5/406 battery rules.

Regs

Dropping Objects / Careless

FAR 91.13 / 91.15

Careless or reckless is the catch-all. Don’t.

Regs

Student Limitations

FAR 91.89 / 61.89

No passengers, no for-hire, no international, vis 3 SM day.

Equipment

Transponder and ADS-B

FAR 91.215 / 91.225

Mode C in and above B, C, and the Mode C veil. ADS-B Out in the rule airspace.

Equipment

Pitot-Static Failures

PHAK Ch. 8

Blocked pitot vs blocked static — different lies.

Equipment

Vacuum / AI / HI

PHAK Ch. 8

When the gyro soup fails, partial panel is the airplane.

Equipment

GPS and RAIM

AIM § 1-1-17

RAIM predicts whether the GPS solution is honest.

Equipment

Lights

FAR 91.209 / 91.205

Position lights sunset to sunrise. Anti-collision if installed.

Equipment

Inop Equipment

FAR 91.213

If required by 91.205, KOEL, AD, or type certificate — you do not fly until deferred or fixed.

Human

IMSAFE

PHAK Ch. 2

Illness, Medication, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue, Emotion.

Human

Hazardous Attitudes

PHAK Ch. 2

Anti-authority, impulsivity, invulnerability, macho, resignation.

Human

ADM and PAVE

PHAK Ch. 2

Pilot, Aircraft, enVironment, External pressures.

Human

Hypoxia and CO

PHAK Ch. 17

Oxygen deficiency, and the exhaust leak that fakes it.

Human

Spatial Disorientation

PHAK Ch. 17

The inner ear lies without a horizon.

Systems

Four-Stroke Engine

PHAK Ch. 7

Intake, compression, power, exhaust.

Systems

Fuel System

PHAK Ch. 7 / POH

Tanks, vents, selector, strainer, carb or injector.

Systems

Electrical

PHAK Ch. 7

Battery, alternator, bus, breakers.

Systems

Landing Gear and Flaps

PHAK / POH

How it extends, what it costs you, and the speed limits.

Systems

Constant-Speed Prop

PHAK Ch. 7

Oil pressure increases blade angle. Governor holds RPM.

Performance

Weight and Balance

PHAK Ch. 10

Arm × weight = moment. CG inside the envelope.

Performance

Takeoff Charts

PHAK Ch. 11 / POH

Pressure altitude, temp, weight, wind, surface, slope.

Performance

Landing Charts

PHAK Ch. 11 / POH

Same inputs, plus approach speed discipline.

Performance

Vx and Vy

PHAK Ch. 5

Vx best angle. Vy best rate. They meet at the service ceiling.

Performance

Ground Effect

PHAK Ch. 5

Within about one wingspan of the surface, induced drag drops.

Performance

Load Factor and Stall

PHAK Ch. 5

Stall speed rises with the square root of load factor.

Performance

Vg and Forced Landings

AFH Ch. 18

Best glide maximizes distance in still air.

Performance

Wind Components

PHAK Ch. 11

Headwind helps takeoff/landing. Crosswind is a limit.

Performance

Leaning

PHAK Ch. 7 / POH

Best power vs best economy. EGT/CHT are the truth.

Nav

Latitude and Longitude

PHAK Ch. 16

Lat is north/south. Lon is east/west. 1° lat ≈ 60 NM.

Nav

Magnetic vs True

PHAK Ch. 16

True + variation = magnetic. Magnetic + deviation = compass.

Nav

VOR Navigation

AIM § 1-1-3

TO/FROM and CDI. Reverse sensing inbound on the back course if not using a HSI correctly.

Nav

DME and Arc

AIM § 1-1-7

Slant range, not ground range. High and close = lying long.

Nav

Dead Reckoning

PHAK Ch. 16

Heading, time, and groundspeed. Then look out the window.

Nav

Sectional Chart Symbols

FAA Chart Users' Guide

Airports, airspace tints, obstructions, VFR checkpoints.

Nav

Course Intercepts

PHAK Ch. 16

Double the offset to intercept a VOR radial or GPS course.

Nav

Night Navigation

AFH Ch. 10 / PHAK

Unlit obstacles, sparse checkpoints, and a dim cockpit.